Infrastructure fundamentals: networking, Kubernetes and streaming

A rapid-fire round of around twenty short questions with no coding, for an infrastructure role. Reported ones:

1. What happens between typing a site's address in the browser and seeing the page?
2. Processes versus threads in Linux, and in Python.
3. Common stream-processing frameworks; at-least-once versus at-most-once delivery.
4. How Kubernetes autoscales, how it routes traffic, and ReplicaSet versus StatefulSet.
5. What a VPC is, and how private and public networks connect.
6. What a one-way function is and where it is used.